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Frank Blaichman (born 1922) (also Ephraim Blaichman, occasionally spelled Frank Bleichman, and in Polish Franek or Franciszek Blajchman) is a Holocaust survivor who was a Polish-Jewish leader of an armed organization during World War II. ==The Holocaust== Frank Blaichman was born in Kamionka, Poland on December 11, 1922.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Frank Bleichman )〕 His grandmother owned a grocery store and his father was a grain merchant. He was 16 years old at the time of the German invasion of Poland in September 1939.〔 Although German officials issued decrees that limited Jewish travel outside of Kamionka and required Jews to identify themselves by wearing armbands, Blaichman took a number of risks in order to help his parents and six brothers and sisters.〔 He rode his bicycle from the neighboring farms and villages to Lubartów (six miles east) and Lublin (12 miles south) where he bought and sold goods such as honey, chickens, butters, grains, meat, tobacco, yarns, and sugar.〔 Blaichman was able to travel among the population without being recognized as a Jew (he refused to wear the Star of David armband and traveled without the necessary permits).〔 He was assigned to work two days a week on a nearby estate with crops, but instead he paid someone to fill his place and continued to engage in underground trading.〔 In October 1942, the Kamionka Jewish council (Judenrat) informed the Jewish residents that they would be resettled in the Lubartów Ghetto.〔 Blaichman slipped out of Kamionka and went to a gentile farmer in the village of Kierzkówka who offered him assistance (the family of Aleksander and Stanisława Głos, which would later be listed among the Polish Righteous Among the Nations).〔 He later learned that the Jews of Kamionka had not been relocated to the Lubartów Ghetto but rather were deported on trains to an unknown destination.〔 Blaichman heard that a group of Jews were hiding in the forest, so after two days with the farmer, he made his way to the forest and found more than one hundred Jews living in an encampment of small bunkers in the forest.〔 He realized that the group was in constant danger. Blaichman encouraged the group to form a defense unit to guard the camp even though they had no firearms.〔 In December 1942 the group managed to acquire firearms from a local Polish farmer.〔 (However, according to another biography, it was only in summer of 1943 that Blaichman left the Głos family and joined the resistance).〔 Over time, Blaichman's unit increased in size.〔 They were joined by refugees from Markuszow and expanded to sixty fighters. In the spring of 1943, Blaichman encountered Samuel Gruber.〔 Gruber's group consisted of men who had fought in the Polish Army and knew how to use explosives and mines.〔 The two groups joined together and became a more effective fighting force.〔 By September 1943, the Polish People's Army realized that the Blaichman and Gruber groups could be a dependable ally in the fight against the Germans and provided them with supplies that had been parachuted in by the Soviet air force.〔 Now equipped with hand grenades, explosives, land mines, machine guns, and ammunition, the group could be even more successful in fighting the Germans.〔 In 1944, Blaichman's group received an order from the People's Army to move east and join forces with another Jewish partisan unit in the Parczew area commanded by Yechiel Grynszpan.〔 Gruber was appointed deputy commander and Blaichman, at the age of 21, became the unit's youngest platoon commander.〔 In July 1944, the Soviet Red Army advanced from the east and entered the Parczew forest.〔 Also that month, Lublin was taken from the Germans by the Soviets, and Blaichman's partisan group entered the city.〔 After the war, Blaichman married Cesia Pomeranc, who had also lived in the Parczew area, and six years later they settled in the United States.〔 Near the end of the war and immediately afterward (April to 19 July 1945) he has worked for the Polish communist secret police (Office of Public Security), as the temporary head of the Department of Prisons and Camps (''Wydział Więzień i Obozów'') in the Kielce's Voivode Office of Public Security (''Wewódzki Urząd Bezpieczeństwa Państwowego'', WUBP).〔 (Franciszek Blajchman ) at the ("Twarze kieleckiej bezpieki" ) exhibition. The short bio note, accompanied by a photo, reads: "Franciszek Blajchman, son of Chaim, born 11 December 1922, temporary head of the Department of Prisons and Camps (WUBP) in Kielce - from c. April to 19 July 1945"〕 Blaichman published a memoir in November 2009, ''Rather Die Fighting: A Memoir of World War II''. In August 2010, a Polish translation, ''Wolę zginąć walcząc. Wspomnienia z II wojny światowej'', was released in Poland.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Frank Blaichman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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